核科学与工程

发展核电是实现“双碳”目标的重要选择，现阶段我国正处于核电发展的机遇期，但随着近年来核电项目的规模化发展，沿海可选新厂址已经接近饱和状态，按照目前预计，在2035年沿海厂址将实际开发完毕。按能源行业专家普遍共识，在“双碳”目标下，启动内陆核电只是时机问题。某三代核电技术作为我国具有自主知识产权的技术，将是后续内陆核电建设的重要选择之一。内陆核电厂建设是涉及技术因素、经济因素和社会因素的综合性难题，本文抛除经济因素和社会因素，系统性梳理国内外法规标准要求、分析了内陆核电厂建设的关键考虑因素，针对某三代核电技术在内陆建设提出了重要度最高的3个方面因素，识别出其内陆核电厂建设需要重点关注放射性废液处理、严重事故后放射性废液包容以及外部自然灾害应对等方面内容，并开展了相应的技术方案研究，为后续内陆核电厂址的开放提供技术保障。

The development of nuclear power is an important choice to achieve the goal of ‘dual carbon', at present, China is in the period of opportunity for the development of nuclear power, but with the large-scale development of nuclear power projects in recent years, the optional new coastal sites have been close to saturation. According to the current estimate coastal sites will be used up in 2035. According to the general consensus of energy industry experts, under the ‘dual carbon' goal, it is only a matter of time to start inland nuclear power. As China's independent third-generation nuclear power technology, a certain technology will be surely one of the important choices for the subsequent inland nuclear power construction. The construction of a certain technology inland nuclear power plant is a comprehensive problem involving technical factors, economic factors and social factors. This paper disregards economic factors and social factors, systematically sorts out the requirements of domestic and foreign regulations and standards, analyzes the key factors for the construction of inland power plants, and puts forward the three most important factors for the construction of a certain technology inland power plant. It was identified that the construction of a certain technology inland nuclear power plant should focus on the treatment of radioactive waste liquid, the containment of radioactive waste liquid after serious accidents and the response to external natural disasters, and carried out corresponding technical program research to provide technical support for the subsequent opening of the inland nuclear power plant sites.